Problems associated with hangings at Tyburn Essay Example for Free

Problems associated with hangings at Tyburn Essay In Britain the punishment of execution was given to all the criminals they hang the criminals by neck till the death, for this purpose the Tyburn used the old trees, they hanged many people by at a time and in early periods the execution was performed in front of all the people of country this activity was the centre of attraction for all the people whenever they come to know that they are about to hang someone. They all used to gather there and watch it, the first gallon was enough to hang ten people at the times but later on they modify it and make it smaller than before but still it was capable of hanging 6 people at a time, later on the protestant force them to stop giving this punishment on every crime whether its small or big they just sentence the hanging till death which was not considered as the moral act. Later on they stopped execution in front of citizens and give this punishment in prison only in the presence of William Willis, the chief custodian, the surgeon of the prison, the governor and also another warder. This article also discusses all the details about the hanging process, the changes which were made and what the people believes about this process. The observation shows that few of people believes that the execution should carried out to save our nation and tomorrow and they also consider execution good as it gives the lesson to other criminals while on the other hand few people believed that execution is a dreadful act which should be stopped and the government should give one chance to every illegal person, in this article we will discuss all of the facts and then come up with the conclusion. Hanging of Tyburn In an Anglo-Saxon period the Britain exploit the process of execution for philanthropic the chastisement to the inhabitants who commenced any sin like rape, killing some one or when anyone go beyond their spiritual believes and execute any kind of peccadillo in opposition to their religious believes etc. Up to the year 1868 chastisement were conceded out in frontage of multitude of people this unfasten way for openhanded punishment turn out to be the motivation of enthusiasm for the community of Tyburn, almost all of the citizens gather round there in order to see how did they hanged the offender however later on in the Gala Days time the hanging were to be had in the penitentiary, the large crowd also congregate there to protest against this execution for the reason that numerous people from their society were dead because of this punishment so they start protesting against it. The history gives you an idea that there were almost 10,935 death sentences in England along with Wales alone, for the duration of the years 1735 to 1964, these executions consist of on 10,378 men as well as 557 women. This method of chastisement was becoming the intimidation for the populace of England day by day, they make use of their historical trees for benevolent this punishment, these trees were gigantic as much as necessary to hang up eight men at a time. To demonstrate the exact panorama of hanging let us have a look how do they perform it, it is believed at the time of hanging the hangman is observed casually smoking his pipe, they bring the condemned in the cart come along his sarcophagus along with an exhortative priest the population of Britain does not like this way of punishment at all and they just wanted to get ride of this. (Hanging, March, 23, 2000; Lesley Nelson). In the year 1783 9th of December the first executions was observed on New gate’s, new drop scaffold, at that time nine men as well as one woman were dangled at the same time. Edward Dennis along with William Brunskill performed this execution intended for an assortment of offences. It was a large box like structure with two uprights supporting two parallel beams from which a maximum of a dozen criminals could be hanged at once. There was a platform in which prisoner stood, the platform had the length of 10 feet and the width of 8 feet, when the lever or pin was moved the action on a drawbar under the drop occurs after this they roughly fell to level of their knee it is believed that the new drop had 96 customers flanked by February moreover December of 1785, by means of 20 men be suspended scheduled on the 2nd of February of that time. During the mid of the year’s 1820s, the way of punishment as hangings became less common than before, the double beam gallows was no more used in the process hanging and were substitute with a solitary beam prototype but this solitary beam gallows was still enough to hang six people at a time. In the year 1571, the tyburn arranged the triple tree; the reason for establishing these trees was to eliminate previous diminutive structures, so that they can dangle 24 criminal at a time. In the year 1649, 23rd of June they hanged 23 men as well as one woman because these people were conscientious for burglary in addition to robbery; these 24 prisoner have been get across at the position of execution in 8 carts (Execution at Tyburn). There was a further great execution in the year 1740 on 18th of March subsequent to the famous shoplifter and robber, Jenny Diver who was hanged with 19 additional criminals. Until the end of the year 1759 the Tyburn’s triple tree was remained in their use. Later on the changes were made in process of execution they were modified by the time and finally it was legally proved that executions should only make in the prisons as it was damaging the humanity from the population day by day, it is the believe of people that by hanging people openly they are supposed to be responsible for making the others innocent people scared as well. In the year 1900 the execution was only done on prison. Let us have a look on typical execution of 1900’s now, at the beginning of world war one a small number of the penitentiary generally allowed the press reporters to be there only at the time of execution when the male criminal was being hanged. The report of hanging in Abel Atherton at Durham in the year 1909 8th of December the implementation subsist of Henry Pierrepoint, the reporter recount that it was early morning 7. 50 a. m of Wednesday, the person who works under the Sheriff makes his entry in the prison along with the three reporters of newspaper. Two of the custodians bought the Atherton in to the area of the doctor, the hands of Atherton were immobilize, later on they show the way frontward to the gallows throughout a demonstration which was also consisting of the Chief Warder, the Atherton was detained by the help of custodians on both of the side, Pierrepoint along with his subordinates which includes William Willis, the chief custodian, the surgeon of the prison, the governor and also another warder. When the Chaplain was in attendance inside the hut at that time Atherton was plunged, his legs were grip down by Willis at that time when he was plummeted in behind of Willis legs, the noose was placed over the head of Atherton and the noose was also accustomed before pulling the white hood above him by the Pierrepoint. Close by the assize magistrates clock instigate striking at that hour Pierrepoint unconfined the fence in giving Atherton. The process of hanging has to be over before the striking of clock stopped, the press men narrates that when they looked down they feel like that Athertons death was immediate and his body was still hanging absolutely. The bell of the prison began clangor in addition to the putting to death shed was locked up parting Atherton hovering on the rope designed as the regular hour. This was of execution was much better than before but still hanging was measured as the act adjacent to the ethical values. Few years later little revolutionize were made in execution but this law remains same and the people commence the more protest against these acts as they were never in favor of killing someone. Now we will have a detailed views on history incidents which shows what do the people believe about it and ho did they take hanging be neck for any sot of sin whether its robbery. Rape, murder or prostitution, we will also review what are the believes of communities about execution and what are the demands of citizens related to the punishment of hanging till death (The history of judicial hanging in Britain 1735-1964). The last incident of hanging occur in Scotland in the year 1820, they hanged the 22 men together these people were hanged on 13th and 14th of July. Before the half of the century people began to give their ideology about this chastisement it was John Locke who reveals that the most important intention of government of the state was the preservation of national another reason according his point of view for this act could be to provide security for the property and also for securing the life of the person. It is believed that Lockes thoughts were moderately in observance by means of a noninterventionist state appearance which recommended the tolerant regulation of wealth plus decree. He was the one whose statements shows that he was in the favor of execution and he makes his all effort to make this fact clear in the eye of viewer but he did not achieve his goal completely.

Essay About Family: My Fathers Illness :: Family Relationships Sickness Papers

My Father's Illness As a child, life was great for me. I spent my days being a hyperactive boy, running around and causing general chaos on my two sisters, Kelly and Libby. The world I lived in was a stress free world, I had not had many difficult experiences growing up. Life was beautiful for me, until a tragedy struck my family. My life got stressful on first day of second grade. I remember getting off the bus, eager to tell my parents all about what it felt like to be in second grade. As I walked in the door, I could feel that something was wrong. It was something in the air, a depressing mood. Instead of being greeted by a house of warm response, it was silent. I shouted for my parents and searched around, finally finding them in their bedroom. As I walked in to their bedroom, I found my mother sitting on the bed, weeping quietly, while my father lay on the bed in a near unconscious state. This sight shocked me, I had seen my father sick before, but by the reaction of my mother and the deathly look on my father’s face I knew that something was seriously wrong. My father's eyes opened, and he called out for my sister Kelly and I to come to him. In a very serious and sad voice, he told us that he was very sick, and he was going to the Fort Wayne hospital. My mother told Kelly and I to help her pack some things for him, because he was going to be leaving soon. We helped her pack, keeping quiet because we did not want to interrupt the silence that had taken over the room. A family friend, Rose Widmer, came over as my mom and dad were getting ready to leave. She would be staying with us because it looked like they would not be coming home that night. As Kelly and I were eating our supper, my mom came into the kitchen and sat down beside me. She explained to us that our dad was very sick, and that he was having trouble with his brain. She used the term "brain abscess." She said that this is what the doctors speculated was wrong with him, but they needed to go to Fort Wayne to take precautions. Essay About Family: My Father's Illness :: Family Relationships Sickness Papers My Father's Illness As a child, life was great for me. I spent my days being a hyperactive boy, running around and causing general chaos on my two sisters, Kelly and Libby. The world I lived in was a stress free world, I had not had many difficult experiences growing up. Life was beautiful for me, until a tragedy struck my family. My life got stressful on first day of second grade. I remember getting off the bus, eager to tell my parents all about what it felt like to be in second grade. As I walked in the door, I could feel that something was wrong. It was something in the air, a depressing mood. Instead of being greeted by a house of warm response, it was silent. I shouted for my parents and searched around, finally finding them in their bedroom. As I walked in to their bedroom, I found my mother sitting on the bed, weeping quietly, while my father lay on the bed in a near unconscious state. This sight shocked me, I had seen my father sick before, but by the reaction of my mother and the deathly look on my father’s face I knew that something was seriously wrong. My father's eyes opened, and he called out for my sister Kelly and I to come to him. In a very serious and sad voice, he told us that he was very sick, and he was going to the Fort Wayne hospital. My mother told Kelly and I to help her pack some things for him, because he was going to be leaving soon. We helped her pack, keeping quiet because we did not want to interrupt the silence that had taken over the room. A family friend, Rose Widmer, came over as my mom and dad were getting ready to leave. She would be staying with us because it looked like they would not be coming home that night. As Kelly and I were eating our supper, my mom came into the kitchen and sat down beside me. She explained to us that our dad was very sick, and that he was having trouble with his brain. She used the term "brain abscess." She said that this is what the doctors speculated was wrong with him, but they needed to go to Fort Wayne to take precautions.

Motivation Theories Essay

A couple of decades ago, the topic of motivation were just another term in the books of managers trying to implement behavioural techniques on their employees. Give perks, give monetary benefits, performance rewards and employees are bound to be motivated – as simple as that. But gradually as the years passed by, as people began to move out of the shackles of monotonous, menial work environments, there was a radical shift on how management studies began to view motivation. There were debates, lectures, psychological-social experiments and theories which suddenly threw the old concepts aside and brought in new ones. The topic became a cynosure of all management, scientific and economic studies – a topic which was deemed simple suddenly became a complex monster without which, the workplace culture was poised to be threatened. Employees, after all, are the biggest assets of organizations – and motivation is what keeps them going. This paper will explore why the different motivational theories are important and break away from the usual old age concept of motivation and show it as the world is viewing motivation nowadays. The idea is to generate a certain amount of interest and debate in the topic (otherwise relative) so as to obtain a clear understanding as to what might be the underlying reasons for employee motivation. Motivation Theories Assuming that the reader already knows what motivation is, have known about the various popular motivation theories and can distinguish between the various motivational theories and the literature surrounding them; it has been observed how the traditional motivational theories of Maslow have almost vanished from the experiments and recent research papers, whilst laying emphasis on job environments and social evaluations. As the global market moves through recurring waves of economic slowdown and instability, more organizational changes have occurred leading to fluctuations in employee satisfaction and the way workers view their jobs. Motivation, clearly, has been a challenge. Leaving aside the various theories, basic motivational factors such as compensation rewards, innovative performance evaluation methods, the nature of work, organizational changes and socio-political structure have been evolving over the past few years and that has a direct impact on motivation. Among all the theories, the one which stands out (and is probably relevant) is Herzberg’s motivator –hygiene theory, which divides the concept into two parts – the motivator factors and the hygiene factors. While job satisfaction and work autonomy contribute to the ‘motivator’ factors, ‘hygiene’ factors constituted of pay and performance. Herzberg deduced that the insufficient hygiene factors lead to de-motivation and the motivator factors like job enrichment contribute to motivation. This is in compliance with the Hackman and Oldham’s theory of job enrichment which talks about increasing motivation stemming from skill identity, autonomy, task significance and job purpose. Deci & Ryan’s model talk about the similar aspects, giving rise to the notion that extrinsic motivational factors (factors outside work like pay, performance compensations, rewards) directly oppose the intrinsic factors (job satisfaction, challenging tasks, etcetera). While it is completely baseless to say that monetary rewards, i. e. xtrinsic factors do not work, it has been observed that insufficiency of such factors lead to extreme de motivation. On the flip side, intrinsic motivational factors work only if the work is challenging enough to engage the interest of an individual wherein the job has a psychological impact on the skills of the employee. [1] New Theories and Experiments As we usher into newer business environments, new theories and experiments have cropped up which are causing a paradigm shift in the way the world looks at motivation. The most popular which are used in business organizations are the carrot and stick approach [10] where colloquially employees are given ‘carrots’ as rewards and ‘sticks’ for reprimands. This consequently produces desirable and undesirable behaviours among employees who perform mechanical and process oriented jobs as in the service industry [13] . However, playing by the rules of the motivation theories, there have been an opposition to this and there was an approach constructed around the concept of intrinsic motivation when it comes to jobs which require creativity and rudimentary cognitive skills like building new products. Among the most famous ones are the performance of the candle experiment (see Appendix 1) with a three groups of people where each group was given varying monetary rewards to solve the candle problem [6]. The result shows how the motivation through monetary rewards falls flat in the face of creative and cognitive jobs. The same has been elucidated Author Dan Pink in his bestseller book about motivation, Drive [14]. A similar experiment was performed by LSE economics who concluded that â€Å"†¦ financial incentives can result in a negative impact on overall performance† [4]. As the topsy-turvy war between various motivation theories continues, there are companies who have exemplified intrinsic motivation by providing autonomy to their employees to motivate them – Google, Atlassian, Wikipedia are just among the few examples. This display of being able to motivate their employees has led to these companies being the stalwarts in their respective industries. Accountability and autonomy has been redefining motivation theories all across organizations in the Western world [3]. However, across industries, organizations have been still trying to motivate their employees through rewards and monetary benefits while ignoring the age old basics of the intrinsic motivation theory. Motivation in an economic crisis The fire test for managers concerning this subject comes during an economic downturn when employee motivation is at an all time low. Organizational behaviour theory suggests the usage of three models: The Authoritarian model is used by most firms worldwide involving trying to control processes and bring all the resources in order through downsizing. However, this only leads to a substantial decrease in employee motivation. The IT service industry in India and other parts of Asia has been using this model during economic slowdown. This can be traced back to the roots of the Indian society which is built on a more authoritarian culture [11] . As the IT service industry is a more process oriented job, the managers mostly try to balance the company profits with resource downsizing. Interestingly, this industry sector also successfully uses the ‘carrot and stick’ approach to motivate their employees. The Paternalistic model tries to build up on the social protection of employees by gaining their trust and their willingness to continue with the company. This does not dampen motivation but does not elevate employee motivation enough to bring the firm out of crisis, as the employees are not encouraged to improve their skills. Russian firms in the 1990’s used this model to control the economic downturn but failed miserably as the employees were not motivated and it also accentuated the crisis situation. Based on Rensis Likert’s Supportive relationships principle, the Supportive model recognizes the employee as the most important member of the firm, which in turn is likened to a social system [2] . Probably the best form of motivation during a crisis would be the supportive relationship principle wherein people’s outlook towards economic barriers are used to overcome the crisis, hence changing their attitude towards job satisfaction and organization commitment by discovering growth opportunities, giving the employees ideas to foster company profitability and minimizing their professional crisis [5]. Motivation in IT industries – Asian vs. Western As the world is being swept by technological advancements, the IT sector has been in the boom and has been defining the trend in economic patterns. Considering the IT industry, in Asian markets such as India or the Philippines, where the industry is more service oriented, the motivation model is completely different from that which is used in the Western world. Western IT companies, which are more product based, do not follow the age old motivation theories. These theories like Maslow and Taylor of trying to influence workers and employees with fat salaries have been adopted by organizations which have an Indian base. However, the Indian companies which deal with the IT service industry address the needs of the employees in a more radical and structured manner as these companies understand the needs of the employees better than the Western companies with a presence in India. The dichotomy of the East-West cultures force organizations to take various approaches to the subject of motivating employees. In India, the BPO and the IT industry, which mostly dominate the economy, is heavily dependent on people, hence the motivational approaches are as important as the job itself [12]. The industry also shows a large spike in attrition as past trends have shown arising out of factors mainly because the employee is not motivated. An attitude study was conducted by Robbins to find out behavioural patterns of employees in BPO industry and to find out whether redesign of work, autonomy and restructuring teamwork and feedback increase satisfaction at the workplace, which in turn results in higher performance and motivating employees. The results were surprising as it was found that there was no relationship between job characteristics and motivation. Instead it was found that BPO workers were motivated to work as long as their salaries and financial demands were being met [9]. This technique is adopted by a lot of multinational companies which establish their BPO base in Indian and Philippine market. However, the Indian companies in the IT sector take a different approach by addressing the working conditions (like graveyard shift benefits), social concerns and standard of living of the employees. This is provided, not only by monetary benefits, but also by work time flexibility, autonomy, purpose and a sense of belonging. Surprisingly, this is the same strategy which is used in the western culture to motivate the employees. In Malaysia, where the service industry is one of the most emerging markets in Asia, there are several push and pull factors which affect employee motivation, which in turn affects the high rate of attrition in this sector. Studies in the Malaysian IT service market have concluded that though compensation and rewards have been the primary methods to motivate employees, work and job purpose are also seen as among the various pull factors which affect it [7]. Recently, however, international businesses have been restructuring and redesigning their reward and motivation scheme to address the local culture of Asian countries, aligning them with those of the Western cultures. Conclusion Motivation, as we see, is not just about trying to encourage employees with rewards and benefits. A lot of psychological and social aspects are intertwined with the way motivation works. All the motivational theories are bound to clash against each other as organizations are changing the way they look at employees and their needs. Managers need to be aware of the fact that employees are not just assets and treat workers with a sense of belonging. As globalization is turning a page, managers have to keep in mind how the workers react to workplace environments and how they can be motivated to shape up organizations and industries, on a whole by inducing creativity and encouraging them to look at the broader picture existing in businesses.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, - 1006 Words

Frederick Douglass, a man who found redemption through the unknown truth, that reading is the key to knowledge, in his case is the key to his freedom. In his time, slaves have endured all kind of physical torture but the worst of them all was the mental abuse. Before I elaborate more on this topic it will be wise for me to give you more detail and a more accurate definition and understanding at what is a mental abuse or better known as psychological abuse. It is the art of emotionally breaking down a person by inflicting fear by intimidation to create total chaos within a person mentality and with such result the one inflicting the mental pain gain power over the victim and can make him or her do anything they want. Now back to the†¦show more content†¦They would wall naked for the whole year they wouldn’t have enough to eat and was left to sleep in the cold in a garbage bag. From the bottom of my heart I believe that the psychological methods were worse than the physical abuse. Simply because most physical abuse doesn’t stay with you forever its painful at the beginning but it will eventually fade away but the psychological abuse can mark you for the rest of your life, you might ignore it for a day or two or even a month or year but it will come back to haunt you, it always there no matter how hard we want to look away its always there. Before I used to think that slavery was just about the physical pain and abuse it was until I read this amazing piece of art work that I understood slave were human just like me and you that they had feeling too, that some of them will choose to commit suicide then to be alive with no pride and be treated like horses. Hers a quote of Douglass where he shows how weak minded he felt when all hopes seem to be gone â€Å"I was sometimes prompted to take my life†Show MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. 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His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish